Title

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RETINAL PATHOLOGIES IN A REFERENCE OPHTHALMOLOGY SERVICE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM OF THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO.

Introduction

Retinal diseases, when left untreated, can have a major impact on the patient's quality of life, which can lead to severe low vision and even blindness. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the most prevalent pathologies in our country in order to propose measures and prevention, in addition to evaluating necessary interventions to meet the demands. The aim of this study is to demonstrate epidemiological data on retinal pathologies and analyze the impact of retinal pathologies on the public health system.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 1,012 records of the Retina Service of the Hospital do Olho de Duque de Caxias/RJ was performed. The medical records of patients seen in the sector between the period of 09/25/2019 and 11/12/2019 were evaluated. The diagnosis of each patient was documented and added in an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for tabulation and graph generation. Patients with different problems in each eye or in the same eye, were inserted due to the most severe pathology in one eye.

Results

The most prevalent pathologies were Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, with 106 diagnostic cases and Diabetic Retinopathy, totaling 442 cases. Of these, 140 are related to Tracional Retinal Detachment, 140 are related to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy without Retinal Detachment, 67 are related to Vitreous Hemorrhage and 95 are related to Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Age-Related Macular Degeneration corresponded to 72 cases, 42 of which were exudative and 30 were dry. Vascular occlusions accounted for 95 of the cases (46 with CRVO and 32 with BRVO).

Discussion

It was observed that approximately half of the patients evaluated in the period had a Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment or Diabetic Retinopathy. Of these patients, approximately 313 patients have potentially surgical pathology. Therefore, this high number of cases with severe retinal pathologies, with a high rate of visual sequelae, brings a great economic and social impact to the Public Health System and Social Security System.

Keywords

Retinal Epidemiology; Retinal Detachment; Diabetic Retinopathy

Area

CLINICAL CASE

Authors

LEONARDO ELOY SOUSA, JARBAS DIAS FURTADO JUNIOR, JOSÉ DE MELO COSTA NETO, RODRIGO SCHWARTZ PEGADO, RENATA MARIA CEZARINO VALDETARO, LUIS GUSTAVO TONELLI REGIS